Urban Sociology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Urban Sociology - Essay Example All the while, the nature and potential reasons for the urban sociological issues that happen in Africa will be talked about followed by analyzing the seriousness of continually expanding populace issue and its contact with the neighborhood, provincial, national and worldwide economy. Before the end, prescribed ways on the best way to battle the populace development issue will be handled. Examining the Africa’s socioeconomics is considered as one of the most questionable case during the twentieth century as a result of the quick development of the African populace just as its urbanization improvement. (Zuberi et al., 2003) Divided in five significant districts known as the North Africa, West Africa, Central Africa, East Africa, and Southern Africa (Think Quest, 2008c), the nation is exceptional as in it is made out of in excess of 50 different nations with a huge number of various ethnic gatherings, for example, the Arabs, Ashanti, Bantu, Berbers, Bushmen, Dinka, Fulani, Ganda, Hamites, Hausa, Hottentot, Kikuyu, Luba, Lunda, Malinke, Moors, Nuer, Pygmies, Semites, Swahili, Tuareg, Xhosa, and Yoruba beside those that are less known by the neighborhood individuals. (Think Quest, 2008b) (See Table I †Complete List of African Countries, Population, and Internet Users on page ) Africa has a gigantic populace with roughly 955.206,342 starting at 2008. (Web Worlds Stats, 2008) Despite the extreme high number of inhibitants, Africa is additionally considered as one of the quickest urban creating nation. Starting at 2008, around 33% of the absolute African populace lives and work in the urban areas. (Think Quest, 2008b) Because of quick paced urbanization and a superior financial base in the nation, the quantity of birth and passing rates has declined throughout the years. Beside having the open door for a higher instructive, the advantages of driving a vehicle, and an entrance to around the world

Titled versus Entitled

Titled versus Entitled Titled versus Entitled Titled versus Entitled By Daniel Scocco One more day I was perusing around the Internet and I went over this sentence: You should look at this incredible article that I discovered; it is entitled â€Å"bla bla bla.† Be that as it may, was the article truly entitled? There is a typical disarray between the words titled and entitled. Titled would have been the right descriptive word for that sentence. On the off chance that something is â€Å"titled† it implies that it got such a title, either by the creator or by another person. Entitled, then again, implies that an individual has rights to something. In the event that you are qualified for a house, for example, it implies that the law ensures your entitlement to possess that house. A few word references recommend that â€Å"to entitle† can likewise mean â€Å"to give a title.† I have once in a while observed standard distributions back up such utilization, be that as it may. Beneath you will discover two citations from The Economist delineating the point. A visit to Canadas site where the Federal Government portrays itself to the world, especially the area titled Powers of National and Provincial Governments, as composed by the late Honorable Eugene A. (The Economist) The largesse has not been limited to poor kids. Since 1998 all pre-schoolers have been qualified for some free nursery care once they turn four, and in 2004 that privilege was stretched out to three-year-olds. (The Economist) Need to improve your English in a short time a day? Get a membership and begin accepting our composing tips and activities every day! Continue learning! Peruse the Misused Words class, check our famous posts, or pick a related post below:How to Format a UK Business LetterList of 50 Great Word Games for Kids and Adults10 Varieties of Syntax to Improve Your Writing

How Is Kava Kava Used to Treat Social Anxiety

How Is Kava Kava Used to Treat Social Anxiety Social Anxiety Disorder Treatment and Therapy Print How Kava Kava Is Used to Treat Social Anxiety By Arlin Cuncic Arlin Cuncic, MA, is the author of Therapy in Focus: What to Expect from CBT for Social Anxiety Disorder and 7 Weeks to Reduce Anxiety. Learn about our editorial policy Arlin Cuncic Updated on August 11, 2019 Social Anxiety Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes Treatment Living With In Children Joshua McCullough, PhytoPhoto/Stockbyte/Getty Images Kava kava (piper methysticum) is a plant native to the islands of the South Pacific. A member of the pepper family, the root and rhizome of the kava kava plant are used to prepare natural remedies for insomnia, anxiety, and menopausal symptoms. Kava Kava for Social Anxiety Disorder There is some clinical evidence to suggest that kava kava is effective in relieving some types of anxiety. A 2009 systematic review found evidence for the use of kava kava in the treatment of generalized anxiety. Taking Kava Kava Kava kava is available over-the-counter in the form of beverages, extracts, capsules, tablets, and topical solutions. Dosage guidelines recommend not exceeding 250 mg of the supplement within a 24-hour period. Who Shouldn’t Take Kava Kava Kava kava is not recommended for pregnant or nursing women,  children under age 18, and people taking prescription monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs). A consumer advisory was released by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration on March 25th, 2002 warning that kava-containing dietary supplements may be associated with severe liver injury. The advisory was based on reports from a number of countries including Germany, Switzerland, France, Canada,  and the UK where at least 25 cases of liver toxicity were reported. In addition, many countries have instituted bans on the sale of products containing kava kava. As a result, kava kava should not be used by people with liver disease, liver problems, or those taking drugs that affect the liver. In addition, although the potential for liver problems is rare if you experience signs of illness associated with the liver disease while taking kava kava you should consult with a medical professional immediately. Symptoms of liver problems may include jaundice, brown urine, nausea, vomiting, light-colored stools, unusual tiredness, weakness, stomach or abdominal pain, and loss of appetite. Medication Interactions You should not mix alcohol with kava kava. Kava kava has the potential to interact with drugs used in the treatment of Parkinsons disease. In addition, drowsiness may occur if combined with benzodiazepines, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), or selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs). Side Effects Side effects of kava kava are rare but may include drowsiness, headache, stomach upset, dizziness, and sensitivity to ultraviolet light sources.   The 7 Best Online Anxiety Support Groups

Modern European History Essay - 886 Words

Modern European History 1. What did Paul Valery mean in saying that the mind of Europe doubted itself profoundly? nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Before 1914, people in Europe believed in progress, peace, prosperity, reason, and rights of individuals. During that time, people began to believe in the Enlightenment, industrial developments were just starting and scientific advances began to take place. People then really believed in progression and further developments. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Unfortunately, World War I broke out. Nevertheless, the optimistic people of Europe still did not doubt the outcome and were so convinced that it was not going to have any long term effects. They looked toward happier times and hoped life will†¦show more content†¦People were so terrified by it that they were still in shock and unsure of its outcome and consequence and the possibility that it might cause another war to break out. Valery saw that many people suffered from anxiety. He argued that the people looked at the future with great unease and discomfort for what the war had done and what the war will cause. He also suggested that quot;Europe doubted itself profoundlyquot; because of all the lost of all optimistic ideas and accomplishments. People did not have to strength or will to believe in themselves anymore. They were too devastated by the war. They also saw no hope and thus doubted themselves for making any more progress. 2. Why do you thin k many veterans felt that they were part of a lost generation? nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Veterans during the war were just realizing what the war is all about. They saw what the war had done to peoples lives and body parts. They sometimes couldnt even believe that such shattered bodies were once human beings lived happily among them. Most of them grew up in the war knowing nothing of life but despair, fear, death, and sorrow. These veterans felt that they were part of a last generation upon whom which the war was caused by. Now these young man must carry on the blood shed and fight for theirShow MoreRelatedThe Early Modern Period Of European History1347 Words   |  6 PagesThe Early Modern period in European history was a time of great upheaval, one that lead to shifting and changing views and policies in many fields; among these many historically important changes was the very beginning of the women’s rights movement. Although full-scale change in equality for women was (and some might say still is) quite distant from this time period, the embryo that will eventually grow into feminism and gender equality can be seen during this time period through the primary sourceRead MoreModern European History And Politics1222 Words   |  5 PagesModern European History and Politics: Short Essay On the 26th of June 1963, the 35th President of the United States John F. Kennedy delivered to a massive crowd one of his most memorable speeches in Berlin, Germany. Standing in front of the infamous Berlin Wall President Kennedy’s speech ‘Ich bin ein Berliner’ contrasted democracy and freedom (West Germany) with the repression of communist (East Germany), it left a big impression on Germany during the Cold War. After World War Two Adolf Hitler’sRead MoreGlobalization And Its Impact On Society1311 Words   |  6 Pagesin early modern age, impacted by economic and politic; it is also the driving force for international trade and rapid improvement of communication. Large and small groups of migration had taken place since fifteenth century. People settled down, created new societies across the continents. â€Å"Americans, Europeans, and Africans produced multiethnic societies characterized by social hierarchies that were reflected in pigmentation.† The colonial system demand for labor in the early modern time createdRead MoreEssay on Maps - Foundations for the Modern World1406 Words   |  6 PagesThe early modern period encompasses roughly 300 years of history, but within this brief period emerged the modern world as we know today. The foundations for national boundaries, the existence and confirmation of faraway continents, the establishment of colonies all took place in this period, and it was a time when globalization in the modern sense came to appear. This period was the harbinger for the interconnected society which we live in today, and it was made possible by enterprising nationsRead MoreImpact Of Globalization On The Middle O f The Twentieth Century1480 Words   |  6 Pagestwentieth century. Each of these new eras marked developments in advancements in communication, human rights, woman’s rights, religiosity and philosophy, technology and lastly in economics. Europeans in the late fifteenth century were driven to explore. Shipping by sea was becoming popular. In the 1400s many European monarchs faced a problem, as they tried to import spices and silks from China and India, they were threatened by the Ottoman Empire who controlled Eastern Europe as well as the VenetianRead MoreAPWH Ch1306 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿AP WORLD HISTORY Chapter Processing Work INTRODUCTION Historical Thinking Skill Exercise: Periodization: Compare the author’s periodization in Parts One through Six to the Colleges Board’s historical periodization. How do the author’s dates and titles compare to the College Board’s? What explains the similarities and the differences? Why do you suppose the periodization in world history can be so controversial? UNIT 1 CHAPTER 1: Historical Thinking Skill Exercise: Historical Argumentation:Read MoreGender Roles During Modern Europe1485 Words   |  6 PagesGender roles in early modern Europe were ultimately characterized by the culture forces that shaped the period, particularly through religion, literature and art, and through the establishment and the execution of the law. Men and women’s roles and responsibilities as husbands and wives and as fathers and mothers were principally imposed by these cultural facets. While economic pressures did influence gender roles, their overall impact was less than that of their cultural counterparts. ReligionRead MoreThe Impact Of Ecological And Climate Change On Europe1614 Words   |  7 PagesWhat was the impact of ecological and climate change on Europe between c.1500 and c.1650? Early Modern Europe started at the beginning of the 15th century and is a period which characterized by prodigious discoveries and inventions. It was also a period of great changes, hardship and wars that paved the way towards the Modern World and the industrial revolution. If the end of this period is often seen as one of intense human advancement especially in term of the arts, humanities and socialRead MoreThe First Glimpse Of Globalization1573 Words   |  7 Pagesthroughout history has played a major role in the security of countries, national wealth, social change and political discourse, ensuring its place as the most significant catalyst of change. The great geographical discoveries of the 15th and 16th century initiated Europe’s ascent as the world’s fountainhead of modern development. The era dubbed the modern age by most experts (Strayer pg. 589), starting with the expeditions of Columbus in 1492 followed by the colonization of America by European powersRead MoreEssay about History At Its Best1616 Words   |  7 PagesThe modern era stands out as a time of great change. Throughout history, it is undoubtedly the period of time in which the most advancement has occurred in society, in the shortest amount of time. The three books, The Interesting Narrative, by Olaudah Equiano, Victors and Vanquished, by Stuart B. Schwartz, and A Social Contract, by Jean-Jeacques Rousseau, each provide a view of the modern era in their own individual ways. Olaudah Equianos account of his life as a slave is directed at the problem

The Obesity Epidemic Of Obesity - 929 Words

People make conscious decisions when they gorge their mouths with ninety-nine cent triple cheeseburgers that takes two minutes to make. Yeah America is great and all, but obesity is not. The McDonalds, Jack in the Box, Carl’s Jr, on every corner is driving America down a very unhealthy and scary road. As time goes on people find new ways to be lazy. There needs to be an epidemic for exercise, and healthiness. The normal body type should be fit and lean, not over weight and fat. There needs to be a scare across America where people are being too healthy, and too fit, not too large, and too unhealthy. Although the portion size of food, and quality of food is a part of the obesity problem, people need to exercise to end this epidemic of obesity. To keep a healthy body, people need to exercise. Exercising burns the calories, fats, and oils from unhealthy food necessary to keeping a healthy body weight. When I was a younger, around the age of eight, my friend had a personal trainer so we could make youth football weight regulations. I remember something very specific he said, â€Å"I can go eat ten pounds of ice cream, then as long as I worked hard enough to burn all of those calories I just ate I wont worry about gaining weight†(Johnson). I always think back to that quote when I go on a junk food eating spree. In addition, DeAngelis writes, â€Å"Among his simple suggestions is using a step counter to log an extra 2,000 steps a day the distance, roughly a mile that it takes to burnShow MoreRelatedObesity : The Obesity Epidemic1509 Words   |  7 PagesThe Obesity Epidemic What is obesity? According to the Health Reference Center Academic, â€Å"Obesity is a clinical condition characterized by an excess of body fat†. Obesity causes serious and life-threatening diseases. Obesity can be calculated using the BMI or Body mass index. The higher the BMI the more obese a person is considered. More than 1 third of the population in the US is obese. Medical costs for treating obesity were estimated at $147 billion in 2008. Non-Hispanic black and Mexican AmericanRead MoreThe Obesity Epidemic Of Obesity1133 Words   |  5 PagesObesity has always been a topic that many have had due to the increase attention it has received. Across America, there has been a lot of attention on the obesity epidemic. In America and the inner cities, more people are eating meals away from home in addition to consuming larger portions from fast food restaurants. At this rate, gaining weight is the likely outcome. High energy dense food has become convenient and affordable. Fas t food is almost everywhere in America and, contributes to the growingRead MoreThe Obesity Epidemic Of Obesity967 Words   |  4 Pagesthe issue. There has been substantial encouragement, which has pressured governments and politicians to implement restrictions on the publicising of unhealthy foods, particularly those targeting children. (Jolly, R. 2011) Researchers of the epidemic of obesity are inclined to emphasise environmental aspects, including the convenience of high-calorie appetising junk foods in conjunction with the influence of television programming, video games, computers and tablets that discourage exercise. TheoreticallyRead MoreObesity : The Obesity Epidemic Essay1321 Words   |  6 Pagesevidence that Americans are among the most overweight across the globe, this issue is constantly ignored. We hear about obesity being one of the most prevalent issues in America yet through the years this issue seems to worsen. Although Obesity may not be taken seriously by many, it is one of the leading health issues in America today. Many don’t understand the causes of this obesity epidemic, but being educated on this topic is the best way to prevent and control this issue. A recent study from the NationRead MoreObesity : The Obesity Epidemic2984 Words   |  12 PagesThe Obesity Epidemic What is obesity? A condition characterized by the excessive accumulation and storage of fat in the body; obesity is when someone is so overweight that it is a threat to their health (â€Å"What is Obesity?†). Obesity is an increasing global health problem. Corpulence is an important matter because of the astounding magnitudes that this disease has reached in the past 30 years (â€Å"Health and Aging†). Obesity is the reason for nearly 10 percent of the national medical budget, whichRead MoreThe Obesity Epidemic Of Obesity2517 Words   |  11 Pagesof obesity in children is on the rise in America. One in three children in America is obese (Kelly). Anyone can recognize there is a problem with the growing numbers of children overweight, however, no one has come up with a way to stop the obesity epidemic. This epidemic in children has been caused by numerous factors now numerous solutions can stop this if they are put in use. Children are weighing more than they ever have. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says, â€Å"Obesity hasRead MoreThe Epidemic Of Obesity And Obesity1319 Words   |  6 Pages There’s an appalling epidemic in today’s society sweeping across not only the United States, but all across the globe. This horrible epidemic isn’t the bird flu, or any type of sickness, rather obesity. Today, obesity rates are at an all time high in America. This disease, obesity, is being passed down the family both genetically, and by the terrible eating habits developing in the US. Kids growing up in this generation are facing frightening issues such as increased risk of heart disease, diabetesRead MoreThe Obesity Epidemic Of Obesity Essay1503 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Obesity is becoming an outrageous and alarming health issue in today’s society. Children are rapidly getting engulfed by this pandemic every day. According to the book Public Health 101: Health People-Healthy Populations, pandemic can be defined as, â€Å"An epidemic occurring worldwide, or over a very wide area, crossing international boundaries and affecting a large number of people† (Riegelman, Kirkwood, 2015). The World Health Organization estimates that 43 million children worldwideRead MoreObesity Epidemic : Obesity And Obesity1634 Words   |  7 Pagesfrom 7% in 1980 to nearly 18% in 2012† (cdc.gov). Subsequently, the obesity epidemic has continued to increase over the past few years in the United States. There are many different aspects that have contributed to the obesity epidemic. For example, many people today choose to be convenient instead of eating healthy, which results in the consummation of processed foods. Processed foods have a significant effe ct on the risk of obesity. With a current society always on the go, adults and children haveRead MoreThe Obesity Epidemic Of Obesity2053 Words   |  9 Pagesrise in obesity has reached global epidemic proportions (World Health Organisation (WHO), 2015). Obesity is defined as an â€Å"abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that may impair health.† Body Mass Index (BMI) is a common tool used to measure a person s weight in kilograms divided by their height in meters squared (kg/m2) (WHO, 2015). An individual with a BMI greater than or equal to 30 is considered clinically obese (WHO, 2015). However this may not be the most valid way of measuring obesity as it

Lasting Effects Slavery Has Had on African American Culture Free Essays

During the colonial period early American settlers came up with the idea to bring African natives overseas to America and use them as slaves. The white man was higher up than the black man in society at the time because of the color of his skin. Americans consider this the biggest blight on our history. We will write a custom essay sample on Lasting Effects Slavery Has Had on African American Culture or any similar topic only for you Order Now The shame of this period in our history still continues today for many whites, but many blacks still feel angry and oppressed. With the election of our first black president, we are really showing how anything is possible here in America and that it doesn’t matter what color or ethnicity you are.Slavery finally came to an end in 1865. By this time slaves were escaping and fleeing north where many people were against slavery. African American Scholar Michael Eric Dyson once said â€Å"The effect of slavery continues to exert its brutal influence in the untold sufferings of millions of everyday folk. † Basically Dyson is saying that slavery has and still is currently effecting everyday people today specifically blacks. If you were to drive through any city today I believe that the effects of slavery are very clear in housing, jobs, and schooling.The white man is still known as the high-class while the black man still struggles. Take a drive through the ghettos and projects and most of the people you will see are minorities including African Americans. In â€Å"The Ethnic Myth†, Stephen Steinberg writes, â€Å"ghettos are nothing less than the shameful residue of slavery. † Many scholars blame slavery for the pathologies in the black community such as homelessness, single-parent households, and youth violence. More radical views claim, â€Å"Slavery is a constant reminder of what whites in America might do. Now I wouldn’t go as far as Mr. Steinberg and say that â€Å"ghettos are nothing less than the shameful residue of slavery†, but they do resemble, in a small way, how life was around slavery. Some argue that African heritage was passed on, through the generations as one form of rebellion against then oppression brought by slavery. African American culture today is made up of religion, music, family and art, and it is a fact that African American culture has influenced white culture in many ways.One of the most historical cases in African American history is Brown v. Board of Education in 1954. Basically this case is a consolidation of several different cases from Kansas, South Carolina, Virginia, and Delaware. Several black children sought admission to public schools that required or permitted segregation based on race. The plaintiffs alleged that segregation was unconstitutional under the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment. In all but one case, a three judge federal district court cited Plessy v.Ferguson (an earlier civil rights case that segregated races on trains) in denying relief under the â€Å"separate but equal doctrine. † On appeal to the Supreme Court, the plaintiffs contended that segregated schools were not and could not be made equal and that they were therefore deprived of equal protection of the laws. This case broke the first segregation barrier in African American history. The base issue of the case was that: is the race-based segregation of children into â€Å"separate but equal† public schools constitutional? The final ruling of this case was: No.The race-based segregation of children into â€Å"separate but equal† public schools violates the equal protection clause of the 14th amendment and is unconstitutional. This made lead way for the future black and civil rights activists such as Martin Luther King Jr. and Rosa parks. Slavery caused this whole debate and if we never had anyone stand up for their rights, this whole world would be a mess. Martin Luther King Jr. once said â€Å"Faith is taking the first step even when you don’t see the whole staircase† Martin Luther King Jr. ived by what he said and looking at his life you can see that he took many blind steps towards the dark all for civil rights. He changes society in ways only imaginable and led a life of love, peace, and protest. It cannot be disputed that slavery has affected our culture today, both black and white. Although 145 years may seem like a long time, the wounds of slavery on America are not yet healed and our country is still young and the passage of time will bring change, as it historically does. We can only hope that all of us as a country work towards a future as one without oppression. How to cite Lasting Effects Slavery Has Had on African American Culture, Papers

What Is Environmental Scanning Essay Example

What Is Environmental Scanning? Paper How can environmental scanning be executed and what are the effect of it on and organization. What techniques can I as public relations practitioner use to prepare my company or future scenarios? Crisis management is part of a public relations officer job. An organization wont make it through a crisis without proper guidance and an action plan. What elements go into a crisis management plan? How can I as public relations practitioner steer an organization through a crisis. How can I prepare my organization for any possible scenario? This will allow the organization to evaluate and detect early signs of opportunities and threats that may influence its current and future plans. . 2 Environmental techniques and types My organization of choice is First National Bank (FAN), one of the main banks in South Africa . My following answers is based on this organization: 2. 2. 1 Environmental scanning techniques We can identify two key techniques to perform environmental scanning, namely competitor intelligence and scenarios. Competitor intelligence: It is becoming increasingly more important for organizations to know what your competitors are up to in todays competitive climate. The more a company can find out as to the actions of its competitor, the better their own chances are to prepare and adjust accordingly. With information at our disposal you can easily do research into what another organization is working towards. We see advertisements around us, year-end financial are readily published on organizations websites and newspaper reports are some of the few ways to gain competitor information. FAN reinvented themselves in a way their competitors couldnt. We will write a custom essay sample on What Is Environmental Scanning? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on What Is Environmental Scanning? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on What Is Environmental Scanning? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer They scanned the environment of their competitors and came up with such unique product offerings. This Set them apart from the rest Of the banking industry. FAN created an easy way of banking for clients. Scenarios: A scenario is not a specific forecast of the future, but a lassie description of what might happen. Scenarios are like stories built around carefully constructed plots based on trends and events. They assist in the selection of strategies, identification of possible futures, making people aware of uncertainties and opening up the imagination and initiating learning processes. One of the key strengths of the scenario process is its influence on the way of thinking of its participants. FAN is the most innovative bank at the moment. They used various scenarios to illustrate and adapt to their clientele and staff needs. 2. 2. 2 Environmental scanning types An effective environmental scanning program should enable decision makers to understand current and potential changes taking place in the institutions external environments. Scanning provides strategic intelligence useful in determining organizational strategies. There are three different types of environmental scanning namely: Scanning for forecasting Environmental scanning creates the basis upon which forecasts can be done. Scanning brings about information to the foreground from where future scenarios can be created. There are some specific outcomes for which management is likely to see forecasts. This will include future revenues, new genealogical breakthroughs and issues. Revenue forecasting indicates future revenues. The way in which revenue forecasting is conducted is by looking at past revenue figures. This information will be accompanied by various other questions like: A) What revenue patterns has FAN experienced in the past? 3 B) What changes in the economic, social and other factors might affect the pattern in the future? C) What will other banks do? Technological forecasting aims to identify changes in technology and the time in which new technologies are likely to be economically feasible. The world of technology is changing rapidly on a daily basis. This in turn will have an effect of an organizations demand for current products and services. FAN is a clear leader when it comes to keeping banking up to date with the latest technology. They incorporate social media, tablet computers and innovative banking to their forecasting. FAN will use issue forecasting to collect information to determine how its public and the organization will react to future events, trends and crisiss. There are various forecasting techniques namely: A) Trend extrapolation B) Trend impact analysis C) Scan inning D) Monitoring E) Delphi technique uh F) Cross-impact analysis G) Scenario writing H) Computer simulations Technology assessment Scanning for bench marking This type Of scanning searches for the best practices among competitors or non-competitors that lead to their superior performance. The core idea is to learn from other organizations and even implementing methods from other leaders. R-N.B. might be a leader but they are constantly updating their business strategies Scanning for analysis There are a few researchers went above just scanning and created models which included analyzing: Bates found a gap in existing models. He created his MAPping model which introduced the stage of prediction to bridge the gap teen understanding the present environment and developing strategy for the future Anus developed QUEST (quick environmental scanning technique) where executives share their views to determine trends and events Anions designed a model that detects and respond to weak signals in the environment 5 3 CRISIS COMMUNICATION PLAN CRISIS COMMUNICATION PLAN FOR THE SOUTH AFRICAN POST OFFICE Statement of purpose Purpose of the plan The purpose of this crisis communication plan is to ensure that all staff that are responsible for managing a crisis are fully equipped with relevant and factual information, and heir efforts are coordinated to minimize the impact of the crisis. The plan must also ensure all stakeholders are provided accurate information in a timely man near. Policy and philosophy Building upon the South African post Offices core principles, mission and vision. The philosophy is: To continue providing world-class postal services to the nation during times of crises, leveraging our broad reach technological capabilities. The SAPP will remain transparent at all times, communicating with honesty and integrity. Definition of the potential crisis This serves as a crisis communication plan for when the South African Post Office could experience a crisis relating to operational disruptions from its workforce. The predominant effect on the operations of the Post Office will be that it will not be in a position to fulfill its postal delivery obligations. Extended disruption could result in a significant backlog at all collection points across the country. Disruptions would have the most detrimental effect during peak periods of the year, such as Easter and Christmas. There is also a possibility of violence and sabotage by disgruntled workers. 6 A crisis management team First and foremost, it is important to identify the key individuals within the organization who will be part of this core team. Depending on the degree of a crisis, the team will consist of senior employees that are in a position to take important decisions. The team will comprise of the following people: Crisis manager: The Post Office COO holds the function of crisis manager. Their key responsibilities are communication with senior management, and coordination during the corals. Emergency services co-ordination: This functional, fulfilled by the companys head of Facilities, will be the primary contact point and co-ordination of all emergency personnel and law enforcement. A labor relations official: The head of HER will fulfill this function, acting as the liaison between the company and all labor unions. Information officer: The head of Company Secretariat will be the information officer, responsible for documenting the events and to keep the crisis management team up to date. Public Relations officer: This role, fulfilled by the head of Public Relations, will compile and coordinate all communication with the internal and external publics. They advise the crisis manager on the crisis management strategy. Official spokesperson: The hea d of Investor Relations is the official spokesperson during a crisis, expansible for directly handling all media. A legal advisor: The head of Group Legal will provide counsel to the crisis management team to ensure the crises in managed within legal bounds. 7 A staff schedule When crises arise it is standard procedure for the entire workforce to report for duty. It is the role of the plan editor and co-ordination to supply a staff schedule as to make sure who will working at certain times so that there is continuity. The staff schedule should include all important contact numbers of the members forming part of the crisis management team. As the crisis runs its course, the staff schedule should be adjusted accordingly. Emergency contact details: Crisis Manager Tell: Oil 123 4567 Cell: 083 xx xx Emergency service co-ordination Tell: 01 1 987 6543 cell: 082 xx xx Labor Relations officer Tell: 01 1 222 3333 cell: 079 xx xx Information officer Tell: 01 1 765 8888 Cell: 081 xx xx Public Relations officer Tell: 01 1 008 4421 Spokesperson Tell: 01 1 384 5600 Cell: 082 xx xx Legal adviser Crisis control centre The control centre during a crisis will be the Executive Boardroom at the Fragmentation head office. Access will be limited to the crisis management team and designated external advisors. Requisite equipment must e made available in the control centre, namely: Computers with Internet Photocopiers, scanners and printers Telephone lines and telephones Sufficient electrical outlets with backup power for all mobile devices and computers. Television and teleconference system The crisis management and crisis communication plans 8 Media centre The Ground Floor Auditorium will serve as the designated media room during times of crisis. This is where the media can setup their stations, and where all communications with the media will take place. This room will also be the command centre for the public relations team.